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- Will the real hypertext please stand up?
- ========================================
-
- The essence of hypertext is making links between ideas. Sounds sensible, yet
- almost all hypertext systems stumble over that simple idea. Here's why.
-
- Conventional approaches to linking put a button on a screen that leads
- to another file. That's NOTECARDS, HYPERCARD, and GUIDE. Easy -- what could
- go wrong? <FILE24 HYPERTEXT> Consider this:
-
- Unlinked ideas
- ==============
-
- With HYPERCARD, the links (buttons) on the screen are just overlays, not
- links to the text or graphics beneath the button.
-
- For example, if your HYPERCARD screen includes the word "laser printer" with a
- button covering the word, then you insert a couple of words of text and guess
- what happens? Yep, the text moves and the button doesn't. The links are not
- from the idea "laser printer" but from a position on the screen.
-
- In contrast, in our link-building software (HOUDINI) for PC-Hypertext, the
- links are to connected ideas. These links stay connected regardless of how
- many times the ideas are modified, moved, or changed.
-
-
- Button construction speed
- =========================
-
- Ultimately, if building hypertext is important, the speed of inserting links
- between ideas becomes the limiting factor. Users of GUIDE complain of the
- time and difficulty of inserting links in that system (one link per minute?).
-
- Again, with HOUDINI, users can make, break, or modify perhaps 20 links per
- minute.
-
-
- Can't merge or divide links
- ===========================
-
- One of the problems of graphic linking (making links between graphics screens)
- is literal linking. With graphics linking, you make each link the same time-
- consuming way and you can't merge or divide topics without redoing all the
- links.
-
- In HOUDINI, you can merge or split topics with the links between the
- ideas remaining correct. In fact, you can move topics or even prioritize
- topics while maintaining all link relationships.
-
- Automatic creation of links
- ===========================
-
- While most hypertext systems build links mechanically, HOUDINI includes
- numerous commands that automatically make links between topics -- by key words,
- text patterns, common linkages, or identical topic text.
-
- Can't trace links
- =================
-
- It is almost impossible to verify the integrity of a conventional
- hypertext system without traversing every link combination in the system.
- Even printing every screen of the system is of little use because the buttons
- or jump points do not display their actual action.
-
- Conclusion
- ==========
-
- While much is made over the capabilities of hypertext systems to cross link
- information, the real essence of building such systems is not in the making of
- a single link. Instead, effective hypertext construction centers on how you
- rapidly classify and categorize relationships. <FILE28 HIERARCHIES>
-
- In building hypertext systems, both HOUDINI and MaxThink provide powerful ways
- to classify and categorize relationships between ideas. These are the tools
- that organize the structure of the system so that users can acquire the
- knowledge contained therein. <FILE64 TOOLS>
-
- Pushing buttons to run processes (HYPERCARD) may be exciting to some people
- (if you are a production engineer). Labeling a graphics-based application
- program construction set (mostly batch files attached to icons) as hypertext
- is a stroke of genius. <FILE54 THINKING>
-
- But without systems for organizing the structure of nodes and links, most
- hypertext systems display no structure and consequently communicate very
- little knowledge. While such systems may be useful as platforms for running
- various batch files or programs (e.g., HYPERCARD), they miss the point of
- hypertext which is the communication of knowledge. <FILE62 STRUCTURE>
-
- Is that important? You answer the question -- Does the world need easier
- access to knowledge or icon-based batch-file processing? I think you know
- what I think.
-
- REFERENCES: --------------------------------
- Computing and philosophy <FILE46>
-
- Neil Larson 1/14/88 FILE74
- 44 Rincon Rd., Kensington, CA 94707
- Copyright MaxThink 1988 -- Call 415-428-0104 for permission to reprint